For the New York State Senate member, see. He authored several Senate bills that advanced ideas advocated by the Populists: a bill to foster the creation of worker-owned cooperatives,[28][29] and a bill to allow the issuance of currency backed by land value instead of only the gold standard. Many Chinese workers lost their lives from overwork and accidents while blasting the railroad through the Sierra Nevadas. [24][25], Stanford was politically active and became a leading member of the Republican Party. “But these were people with complex and complete lives, so looking at a place where they lived really allows us to get a better glimpse into what their lives might have been like.”, A Chinese gardener working on the grounds of the Stanfords’ Palo Alto residence. Long suffering from locomotor ataxia, Leland Stanford died of heart failure at home in Palo Alto, California, on June 21, 1893. With three colleagues, he established the Central Pacific Railroad, which built the western portion of the first transcontinental railroad, and served as its president from 1861 until his death in 1893. [15], The Southern Pacific Company was organized in 1884 as a holding company for the Central Pacific-Southern Pacific system. Leland and Jane Stanford kept meticulous notes about the day-to-day operations of the Palo Alto Stock Farm and the early days of the university. [16], He is widely considered a robber baron. 47 in Michigan Bluff, California. Victor hopes the excavations will also reveal whether the workers had a garden or kept livestock, and whether women were present in the labor quarters; most are thought to have been occupied mostly, if not exclusively, by men. The Stanford residence at the Palo Alto Stock Farm became a convalescent home for children in 1919 (forerunner of the Lucille Packard Children's Hospital) and was torn down in 1965. Thousands of Chinese had made it possible. In addition, it strives to build cohesiveness within the Chinese American community itself through cultural and social events. Bacon, Hopkins, and Crocker in forming the Pacific Union Express Company. Also in May 1868, he started the Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company (now Pacific Life) and served as its first president from 1868 to 1876. He was the founder (with his wife, Jane) of Stanford University. The process involved georeferencing historic maps of the site with the present-day landscape, then stretching a 5-meter by 5-meter grid over the area that the maps indicated as most likely to have contained the workers’ quarters. In a ceremony, Central Pacific Railroad President Leland Stanford drove the last spike, now usually referred to as the “Golden Spike,” at Promontory Summit. “We really want to know what the lived experience was for these workers because, even now, so many refer to these laborers as workers, which defines them by the work that they did and does not speak to their broader lives,” said Megan Victor, a postdoctoral scholar in the Stanford Archaeological Center who is co-teaching the course Archaeological Field Methods with university archaeologist Laura Jones. Leland Stanford, president of the railroad, had been elected governor on a program opposing Chinese immigration, calling the Chinese “the dregs” of Asia and declaring to the state legislature a year earlier, “The presence of numbers of that degraded and distinct people [Chinese] would exercise a deleterious effect upon the superior race.” 1 He went into business with his brothers and became the keeper of a general store for miners at Michigan City, California, later the name changed to Michigan Bluff in Placer County; later he had a wholesale house. He served as a justice of the peace and helped organize the Sacramento Library Association, which later became the Sacramento Public Library. They would later help build some of the most iconic features of Stanford, including the Oval and Lake Lagunita. University photographer Andrew Brodhead takes us inside Stanford’s expanded Biosafety Level 3 (BSL3) lab. One of those sites was identified by the university’s archaeologists. Stanford moved with his family from Sacramento to San Francisco in 1874, where he assumed presidency of the Occidental and Oriental Steamship Company, the steamship line to Japan and China associated with the Central Pacific. Stanford" in his honor, is preserved on static display at the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento.[9][11][12]. UCAA is Leland Stanford Junior University's Undergraduate Chinese American Association, a student-run organization whose goal is to promote and educate the Stanford community about Chinese culture. [7] In 1850, Stanford was nominated by the Whig Party as Washington County, Wisconsin district attorney. Stanford was elected president of the Southern Pacific, a post he held until 1890 (except for a brief period in 1869–70 when Tevis was acting president) when he was ousted by Collis Huntington. The Elm Grove home was razed in the 1940s. Victor said that, as a result, many wealthy employers began housing their Chinese workers on their property. © Stanford University. “But we’ve already gotten some artifact evidence that’s a little bit confusing,” Victor said. : 468–479, 2684–2686. Leland Stanford combined his legal knowledge, business ability, and political influence to become one of California's leading citizens in the nineteenth century. Potential options for renaming institutions include victims of systemic racism and/or police brutality, prolific Chinese and/or Chinese-American individuals (to atone for Stanford's overt racism towards Chinese), or other namesakes that draw attention to the oppression generated from Leland Stanford… This type of lab is capable of handling microbes that can cause serious or potentially lethal disease through inhalation, such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. In 1856, he and Jane moved to Sacramento, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits on a large scale. Leland Stanford then drove the famous Golden Spike at Promontory Point, Utah. In 1860, he was named a delegate to the Republican National Convention in Chicago but did not attend. Professor of East Asian Languages and Cultures and, by courtesy, of Linguistics “But we do have a lot of these little teasers.”, Victor described the course Archaeological Field Methods as “experiential learning” because students will be excavating a real archaeological site. He served for four years as chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds,and also served on the Naval Committee. Stanford was president of the Southern Pacific Company from 1885 until 1890 when he was forced out of that post (as well as the presidency of the Southern Pacific Railroad) by Collis Huntington, the company's ranking Vice President and the corporate directorate. The grade of the CPRR met that of the Union Pacific Railroad, which had been built westward from its eastern terminus at Council Bluffs, Iowa/Omaha, Nebraska. [15][18] He bred Standardbred horses to be raced as trotters, including his chief sire, Electioneer (sired by Hambletonian)[19] and his winning offspring: Arion,[20] Sunol,[21] Palo Alto, and Chimes[22] (out of Stanford's best known dam Beautiful Bells[23]); and Thoroughbreds for flat racing. [39] He was also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in California. Leland Stanford, the railroad’s president, had advocated for keeping Asians out of the state in his 1862 inaugural address as governor of California. The archaeologists then conducted test excavations at the intersections along the grid as a pilot project to verify whether there was any archaeological evidence of the quarters that the historic maps said should be there. [32] Anti-Chinese sentiment became a political issue over time. His wife, Jane, returned temporarily to Albany and her family. Documentation shows that Chinese workers had a variety of jobs and the potential for upward mobility, and were also paid the same as white workers. In 1855, he returned to Albany to join his wife but found the pace of Eastern life too slow after the excitement of developing California. The Central Pacific's first locomotive, named "Gov. One of the most successful business tycoons, Leland Stanford, was born on 9th of March in the year 1824in Watervliet in the city of New York. “In particular, we are interested in what they were doing when they were not working, where they ate, slept and spent non-working hours. The gold strike in California had brought a large influx of newcomers into the territory, including Chinese immigrants. In 1856, he met with other Whig politicians in Sacramento on April 30 to organize the California Republican Party at its first state convention. In 2017, archaeologists with Stanford Heritage Services conducted archaeological testing at a site in the Stanford Arboretum. Amasa Leland Stanford (March 9, 1824 – June 21, 1893) was an American industrialist and politician. “You see this especially after the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, where people are trying to protect the Chinese workers that they have,” Victor said. After moving west, he became a member of the Michigan City Lodge No. He spent one two-year term as Governor of California after his election in 1861, and later eight years as a United States Senator. A large, slow-speaking man who always read from a prepared text, he impressed his listeners as being more sincere than a glib, extemporaneous speaker.[26][27]. As president of Central Pacific Railroad, beginning in 1861, and later Southern Pacific, he had tremendous power in the region and a lasting impact on California. The 2017 pilot study uncovered part of a food bottle that would have contained a powder meant for soft chewing. It merged in 1870 with Wells Fargo and Company. 17 in Port Washington, Wisconsin. The other three associates were Charles Crocker, Mark Hopkins, and Collis P. Huntington. As head of the railroad company that built the western portion of the "First Transcontinental Railroad" from Sacramento eastward over the Sierra Nevada mountains in California to Nevada and Utah, Stanford presided at the ceremonial driving of "Last Spike" in Promontory, Utah on May 10, 1869. [15][41], "Senator Stanford" redirects here. It was intended for agricultural studies. Stanford ran unsuccessfully for governor of California in 1859. [17][page needed]. Stanford was also interested in horses and owned the Gridley tract of 17,800 acres (72 km2) in Butte County. The role that Chinese laborers played in the construction of Stanford University can’t be overstated. : 1804–1805; 51 Congress, 1 Sess. He was one of eight children of Josiah and Elizabeth Phillips Stanford. As for the workers’ approximate ages, Victor said that they were likely relatively young and able to do physical labor, such as digging holes to plant palm trees. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 restricted the wave of Chinese immigration that had begun earlier in the century and was the first U.S. law to restrict immigration based on national origin. [16], Stanford was elected chairman of the Southern Pacific Railroad's executive committee in 1890, and he held this post and the presidency of the Central Pacific Railroad until his death. Later, he served in the United States Senate from 1885 until his death in 1893. On September 30, 1850, Stanford married Jane Elizabeth Lathrop in Albany, New York. Victor hopes that research conducted by students in Archaeological Field Methods, and later continued by Victor and Heritage Services during summer excavations, will provide some clues. In May 1868, he joined Lloyd Tevis, Darius Ogden Mills, H.D. He served one term, then limited to two years. The Stanfords donated approximately United States dollar 40 million[36] (equivalent to $1,138,000,000 today) to develop the university, which held its opening exercises October 1, 1891. His immigrant ancestor, Thomas Stanford, settled in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in the 17th century. During his gubernatorial tenure, he cut the state's debt in half and advocated for the conservation of forests. Much like his future partners, Leland Stanford remade himself in gold rush California as a shopkeeper. Sargent. Due to the Great Flood of 1862, the governor was said to have needed to row in a boat to his own inauguration. Among his siblings were New York State Senator Charles Stanford (1819–1885) and Australian businessman and spiritualist Thomas Welton Stanford (1832–1918). In 1845, he entered the law office of Wheaton, Doolittle and Hadley in Albany.[7]. Now, a new spring archaeology course seeks to tell the stories of those forgotten workers by unearthing where their living quarters stood. GENTLEMEN OF THE LEGISLATURE AND FELLOW CITIZENS: However, there has not yet been any archival evidence found that suggests these Chinese migrants worked on the construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad, which was overseen by the so-called “Big Four,” who included Leland Stanford. In Santa Clara County, he founded his Palo Alto Stock Farm. Leland Stanford on Chinese Exclusion, 1889 [34], With his wife Jane, Stanford founded Leland Stanford Junior University as a memorial for their only child, Leland Stanford Jr., who died as a teenager of typhoid fever in Florence, Italy, in 1884 while on a trip to Europe. In 1872 Stanford commissioned the photographer Eadweard Muybridge to undertake scientific studies of the gaits of horses at a trot and gallop at the Agricultural Park race track in Sacramento. Asia, with her numberless millions, sends to our shores the dregs of her population. After being admitted to the bar in 1848, Stanford moved with many other settlers to Port Washington, Wisconsin, where he began a law practice with Wesley Pierce. [1] Migrating to California from New York at the time of the Gold Rush, he became a successful merchant and wholesaler, and continued to build his business empire. There can be no doubt but that the presence among us of numbers of degraded and distinct people must exercise a deleterious influence upon the superior race, and to a certain extent, repel desirable immigration. Leland Stanford employed many Chinese migrants on campus. However, little is known about the personal lives and identities of these Chinese employees. [13] Stanford was a director of Wells Fargo and Company from 1870 to January 1884. In 1852, having lost his law library and other property to a fire, Stanford followed his five brothers to California during the California Gold Rush. The Big Four, as they came to be known, earned an estimated profit of $54 million from that venture alone. One investor, Leland Stanford, a one-time candidate for governor who actively denounced Chinese immigration during his campaign, openly advocated for the immigration of 500,000 more laborers from China. [2][3][4][5][6], He owned two wineries, the Leland Stanford Winery in Alameda County founded in 1869, and run and later inherited by his brother Josiah, and the 55,000 acres (223 km2) Great Vina Ranch in Tehama County, containing what was then the largest vineyard in the world at 3,575 acres (14 km2) and given to Stanford University. Stanford News is a publication of Stanford University Communications. After a brief retirement from the board, he served again from February 1884 until his death in June 1893.[14]. In a new spring course, students are excavating the location of the former living quarters of Chinese workers who helped build Stanford. Leland Stanford on Chinese Labor A large majority of the white laboring class on the Pacific Coast find more profitable and congenial employment in mining and agricultural pursuits, than in railroad work. Chao Sun. Now the Leland Stanford Mansion State Historic Park, the house museum is also used for California state social occasions. Modern Chinese. Stanford researchers used millimeter-sized crystals from the 1959 eruption of Hawaii’s Kilauea Volcano to test models that offer insights about flow conditions prior to and during an eruption. Lecturer Email: Contact person by email. The wealth of the Stanford family during the late 19th century is estimated at about $50 million (equivalent to $1,537,000,000 today). The course is open to undergraduate and graduate students of any major and will be offered again in the spring of 2020. He went to an average school till 1836 but for some reasons had to drop out and was then tutored at his home … He attended Clinton Liberal Institute, in Clinton, New York, and studied law at Cazenovia Seminary in Cazenovia, New York, in 1841–45. “What’s unclear to us is whether this is proof that someone was able-bodied but had really bad dental problems, was someone elderly or was a kid. The research confirmed that Chinese laborers who helped build the Stanford campus had once lived there. [9] The couple did not have any children for years, until their only child, a son, Leland DeWitt Stanford, was born in 1868 when his father was forty-four.[10]. Later ancestors settled in the eastern Mohawk Valley of central New York about 1720. Leland Stanford Mansion State Historic Park, U.S. Senate Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, Independent Order of Odd Fellows in California, The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts, List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899), "Port Washington Downtown Historic District", "Jane Stanford: The woman behind Stanford University", "The Land Loan Project: Senator Stanford Explains His New Money Scheme", "The Leland Stanford, Junior, University", "Beyond Capitalism: Leland Stanford's Forgotten Vision", Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Penny Postcards: Leland Stanford's store: Michigan Bluff, California, United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leland_Stanford&oldid=990695179, 19th-century American railroad executives, Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States, People of California in the American Civil War, Republican Party state governors of the United States, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2019, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Appleton's Cyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with USCongress identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, In 1862 California volunteer troops re-building a military post at the confluence of the San Pedro River and Aravaipa Creek in Arizona Territory named the post, Central Pacific locomotives named for Stanford, This page was last edited on 26 November 2020, at 00:15. However, outside of the railroad industry Stanford's most lasting legacy was the founding of Stanford University in March of 1885, named for his son Leland Stanford, Jr. who had died a year earlier. Le Tang. Delivered: January 10, 1862. Modern Chinese. He was chosen as a delegate to the Republican Party convention which selected US presidential electors in both 1856 and 1860. We just don’t know,” she said. Stanford was born in 1824 in what was then Watervliet, New York (now the Town of Colonie). Clipping found in The Record-Union in Sacramento, California on Jan 7, 1889. Leland Stanford was an active freemason[38] from 1850 to 1855, joining the Prometheus Lodge No. : 667–668; 52 Congress, 1 Sess. He is one of the 19th-century entrepreneurial tycoons called robber barons. In this lesson, students will explore the social and economic factors that led to this restriction. A whiteware teacup sherd, a wide-mouthed Chinese brown-glazed stoneware storage jar sherd and a fragment of a reconstructed wine bottle were found at the Arboretum Chinese Labor Quarters. The california based railroad company headed by Leland Stanford that employed chinese laborers in building lines across the mountains? A collaborative, community-based archaeology project about the history of Chinese workers at Stanford. června 1893, Palo Alto) byl americký podnikatel, politik a filantrop.. Během Kalifornské zlaté horečky odeÅ¡el z New Yorku do Kalifornie a zbohatl ve velkoobchodu. In speaking as governor Stanford said: “The presence of numbers of that degraded…people [Chinese-Americans] would exercise a deleterious effect upon the superior [white] race….To my mind it is clear that [Asian-American] settlement among us is to be discouraged by every legitimate means. During the first pilot excavation in 2017, the archaeologists found a kitchen midden containing broken pieces of cups and plates, as well as animal bones from cooked meals. What has largely been left out of the narrative of the First Transcontinental Railroad is the estimated 15,000 to 20,000 Chinese laborers who worked on the Central Pacific Railroad. In Washington, D.C., he had a residence on Farragut Square near the home of Baron Karl von Struve, Russian minister to the United States. Leland Stanford’s most ambitious business venture, the western portion of America’s first transcontinental railroad, was racing toward completion at Promontory, Utah. Leland Stanford was President of … (Image credit: Megan Victor). His immigrant ancestor, Thomas Stanford, settled in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in the 17th century. Amasa Leland Stanford (9. března 1824, Watervliet – 21. [7] Later ancestors settled in the eastern Mohawk Valley of central New York about 1720. Even before the establishment of the university, Leland Stanford employed Chinese … Leland Stanford 8th Governor, Republican 1862–1863 Inaugural Address. He was even given the honor of driving the final spike. Stanford was one of the four merchants known popularly as "The Big Four" (or among themselves as "the Associates") who were the key investors in Chief Engineer Theodore Dehone Judah's plan for the Central Pacific Railroad, which the five of them incorporated on June 28, 1861, and of which Stanford was elected president. Today the site is known among Stanford archaeologists as the Arboretum Chinese Labor Quarters, and was likely occupied by Chinese workers from the early 1880s until 1925. Still more worked throughout the … “That means the students that are enrolled in this class will have a hand in telling this story and telling a little bit more about Stanford’s history,” Victor said. A years-long research project works to recognize the contributions of 12,000 Chinese railroad workers who helped build the First Transcontinental Railroad. Stanford, California 94305. Congressional Record, 49 Congress, 2 Sess. [40] He was buried in the family mausoleum on the Stanford campus. While the Central Pacific was under construction, Stanford and his associates in 1868 acquired control of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Stanford had ideas of employee ownership for more than thirty years before giving them expression in his plans for Stanford University, proposals as a Senator, and in interviews with the news media.[37]. These new immigrants faced persecution. “And Leland Stanford did this, too.”. The Central Pacific Railroad. He was born to Josiah Stanford who was a farmer of some means and Elizabeth Philips Stanford. He was president and director of the Central Pacific Railroad the entire time he sat in the Senate. This was thought to be retaliation for Stanford's election to the United States Senate in 1885 over Huntington's friend, Aaron A. Stanford was born in 1824 in what was then Watervliet, New York (now the Town of Colonie). ... Leland Stanford and his wife, Jane, moved back to … Its first student, admitted to Encina Hall that day, was Herbert Hoover, who went on to become the 31st U.S. President. The following timeline presents some historical and contextual background on the Arboretum Chinese Labor Quarters. “These were people with complex and complete lives, so looking at a place where they lived really allows us to get a better glimpse into what their lives might have been like.”, Postdoctoral Scholar, Stanford Archaeological Center. [30][31] Neither bill made it out of committee. He was elected governor in a second campaign in 1861. Thousands of Chinese immigrant workers helped to build Leland Stanford’s Central Pacific Railroad and the wealth that became Stanford University. 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